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Thank you for giving an actual answer. But this makes me wonder, there must be some middle ground where spinning it down is not worse than keeping it running. E.g. only spinning down and up once a day or once every few hours, is there any data for that you know of?
Hard drives are so variable and failures so unpredictable, I bet you can't find that information. Most of the actual data about hard drive failures, like Backblaze's reports, are for drives that don't spin down.
That said, spin-down has always been used for saving power, not drive lifetime. I would generally assume spinning down never extends lifetime. Even in the case of an external hard drive you plug in once a month - it is very likely going to fail earlier than the drive spinning 24x7.
Also, I wouldn't shy from keeping the database on the same, fast storage as the OS, even if that's flash. Move to an external SSD when you can. HDDs have such long seek times.
Very much true. I installed Immich on my dads Synology for him and compared to my own setup at home the speeds are abysmall (it even crased a few times during the first indexing and ML run). I suspect a major part is that the whole os runs on an hdd.
If you put the database on an sd-card just ensure you make frequent backups somwhere else. I wouldn't trust flash storage to keep my data safe.
Welp, TIL, thanks everyone for the useful detailed answers.
Hard disks are designed to do one thing and that’s spin, keeping a disk running 24/7 is the best case scenario for it’s longevity