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Canada on Monday became the first country outside Europe to sign a convention aimed at setting up a commission that will adjudicate compensation claims against Russia for its war on Ukraine, a step Ottawa said reflects its commitment to holding Moscow accountable for the military assault.

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The convention was signed by 35 European countries and the European Union at a conference in The Hague last December. It is the second of a three-part compensation plan developed under the Council of Europe, a 46-nation human-rights body.

The first part, a Register of Damage for Ukraine, has reportedly received more than 150,000 claims. A third component — a compensation fund to actually pay any awards the commission issues — has yet to be established, with frozen Russian assets the most likely eventual source.

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The Netherlands will be the home of the commission, the country’s foreign minister said in December.

Russia’s war on Ukraine has killed more than 15,000 civilians and injured more than 41,000, displaced millions, and damaged and destroyed civilian property and infrastructure, according to a February report from the UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine.

As of December, the World Bank and several other organizations estimated the cost of rebuilding Ukraine over the next decade would be US$588-billion.

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