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Wheat is easier to grow and requires less water. The first farmers in the Middle East became farmers almost acidentally. When they transported the wheat, the dropped crop started growing more and closer to where they were processing it. Eventually some of them decided they would rather grow the wheat than being part of a nomadic tribe. This will eventually lead to a population boom where women would have children every year rather than every four years.
Also more protein in wheat compared to rice. Actually a lot more nutrients in wheat compared to rice.
Ok great but how did they figure out you could EAT IT if you did a shitload of seemingly random shit to it that you don’t have to do with, like, any other crop?
Sounds like you're assuming step 1 of eating it was processing it into bread. Beyond that, ancient people eventually tried to eat everything. Seeds, grains, and nuts were not uncommon.
Yeah makes sense, thats always kind of how I thought it went down. Can’t be picky about your calories, can ya, great great great great great great great granpappy Cruxifux.
You can boil whole grain wheat down into porridge. It's not the go-to use for wheat now, but the rice cooking method still provides a nutritious meal.
You don't have to do all of that to eat it, you just have to do all of that to make bread. You can make bread from oats, you can also process it less and make porridge.
All you need to do to make wheat edible is soak it in water to make it soft enough to chew. Wheat in water is "gruel".
You can improve upon it by boiling, which will make porridge, or baking, which will dehydrate the gruel into a primitive bread. The drained, starchy liquid, if left to sit for awhile, will become a primitive ale. Pre-grinding makes it easier to eat.
Every dietary use is an evolutionary progression from soaking wheat in water.
Boiled wheat is perfectly edible, actually. Tasty? Not really, but I didn't grow up on it and we're extremely spoilt compared to prehistoric peoples. Stuff like boiled barley kernels (AFAIK you can't really make bread with barley) was still a relatively common dish 1-200 hundred years ago in my parts.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groat_(grain)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_barley
Significant point: "Edible" is subject to discussion. Not more than 100 years ago, the expected diet in large parts of Norway was boiled fish, boiled potatoes, and some form of boiled grain. For every meal. Your entire life. Vitamins? Go chew on that shrub until the scurvy goes away.
I doubt it. In winter maybe. But given the extreme abundance of wild berries in the summer I'm pretty sure people ate a lot of them.
Source: Grandparents that grew up on a plot of land (read: hunk of rock) on the west coast and lived off sustenance farming (which includes a significant amount of fishing) as late as the 1930's.
Sure, berries and some other foraging products was part of their diet, but not a very significant one. It was mostly whatever would grow on that plot. Mostly potatoes and onions, with some other minor stuff. While berries are abundant, picking them gives you a lot fewer calories per man-hour than fishing, so fishing takes priority.
Beef barley soup is delicious
You can absolutely make barley bread. It just won't be very fluffy or rise, since there's no gluten in it.
Sir and/or Madam,
Have you heard the good word about maize (corn)? 🌽
WHAT UP MOTHER SHUCKERS
You can boil wheat too. Ancient peoples used to make porridge
And by "porridge" you mean "beer".
Booze was the real motivator.
Guy: look at all this wheat I grew!
Fella; Wow, we could make so many bread!
Guy: Yes... Ah... Bread
Be hooman, eat much seed. Seed good. Wheat like seed. Wheat good. Rock smash seed, easy eat seed.
Rain make smash seed taste funny. Fire make rain smash seed tastey. Society.
Rice needs just as much processing. Do you think the rice you buy in the store is what it's like in the field?
Wheat doesn't actually require all that much. Soak it in water, and it becomes gruel. Let gruel sit around for awhile, the liquid becomes a rudimentary ale. Boil off the liquid, you have a rudimentary bread. Want to make it easier to eat? Grind it before you add the water.
Every other use is an evolution of those basic concepts.
The number of people who have no clue how much processing goes into making rice edible is hilarious.
You can't grow rice where there isn't a proper water supply so much so that your field is basically a swamp until it's time to harvest. Meanwhile wheat and barley doesn't need much water to cultivate.
I don't think rice requires water? It just tolerates it fine, so it's useful for pest/weed control?
It requires water but not the same stagnant levels it used to. Modern cultivation is done with a series of inter connected Levees that allow the water to flow at lower levels than it used to be grown in.
One guy can grow and harvest a wheat field large enough to feed his family, but rice requires a lot of community organization to grow.
There’s an interesting hypothesis called the Rice Hypothesis that theorizes that the different styles of farming rice vs wheat shaped our societies in ways that are still prevalent today. Farming rice led to strong collectivism in society, while farming wheat led to strong individualism in society. Perhaps this is what has led to our differences in ideologies and governing systems.
In California, native Americans made acorn porridge. They collected the acorns, shelled and roasted them, ground it into a flour, then leached it because it's full of bitter tannins, and then they can cook the leached acorn meal into a porridge. It is crazy and multiple steps to get there. Mind blowing stuff.
It's pretty simple, really. Rice doesn't grow everywhere.
Can confirm. I'm currently at Tim Horton's and there's no rice growing.
Chaffing it, and then grinding it and adding water aren't exactly rocket science. Also you didn't have any smartphones to keep you from being bored.
This phenomenon is even stronger with (most types of) Maize (excluding sweet corn). It requires heavy processing to be turned into glucose sirup or anything resembling edible food. By default, the grains are extremely durable and very difficult to digest.
But this is essentially what protects it from insects and fungus. Because the grains are so hard to digest by default, they can only be eaten by humans who have the tools to heavily process them before eating; for everyone else it's essentially uninteresting as a food source and that prevents mold and insects.
We have tried to grind, dry, ferment, bake, broil, boil, and fry everything on the face of the earth. Countless times. Humans have had the same brainpower for ages, just not the same knowledge base.
wheat makes beer
beer yeast and wheat makes bread
wheat made pasta
wheat grows well in colder climates.
Wheat is a more modern staple than you might imagine. Millet was more widespread than rice or wheat for much of Eurasia.
Rice makes terrible bread. Grind me up some more of that fancy grass please.
The ignorance around rice is what gets me on this one. It's almost troll level.
I often wondered this about potatoes. Wild potatoes are extremely poisonous, so who went, the last time we ate one of those we all got sick and a few people died.
Let's cultivate them. I'm sure in just a few thousand years we can turn it into something useful. Of course until then it's kind of just wasted effort but our children's children's children's children's children's children's children's children's children's children will thank us.
Boiling them in a clay pot, one of the only materials available to them, renders them edible and famously almost nutritionally complete. They are incredibly easy to grow and grow almost anywhere. They were immediately available. "What happens if we boil it" is the basis for quite a lot of staple foods and would have been a human go-to.